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1.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 34(5): 637-639, Sept.-Oct. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042034

ABSTRACT

Abstract Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare cardiac malformation. Many cases are incidentally diagnosed in aortic surgeries or autopsies and it usually appears as an isolated anomaly. The most widely classification used is the one by Hurwitz and Roberts[1], which divides 7 alphabetical subtypes based on the cusps size. The aim of this report is to describe three different anatomic presentations of this rare aortic valve anomaly.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve/pathology , Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology , Aortic Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Treatment Outcome , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging
2.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 37(3): 212-213, dic. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1042596

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Recientemente, Sepúlveda et al. publicaron en la Revista Chilena de Cardiología(1) el caso clínico de una mujer de 60 años con una válvula aórtica cuadricúspide, diagnosticada por ecocardiografía transtorácica y transesofágica, no operada, con una extensa revisión de la literatura respectiva. En esta oportunidad, nosotros presentamos los hallazgos intraoperatorios en un hombre de 72 años operado por una insuficiencia aórtica severa secundaria a una válvula aórtica cuadricúspide no diagnosticada preoperatoriamente.


Abstracts: Recently, Sepúlveda et al. published in Revista Chilena de Cardiología1 the clinical case of a 60-year-old woman with quadricuspid aortic valve diagnosed by transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography not operated on, including an extensive review of the literature. We present the intraoperative findings of a 72-year-old man with severe aortic insufficiency and a quadricuspide aortic valve, not preoperatively diagnosed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/etiology
3.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 33(6): 573-578, Nov.-Dec. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-977481

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the change in the dimension of sinus of Valsalva in patients who underwent supracoronary ascending aorta replacement with aortic valve replacement. Methods: A total of 81 patients who underwent supracoronary ascending aorta replacement with aortic valve replacement were included. Ten of 81 patients died during the follow-up. The patients were divided into three groups according to the aortic valve diseases. Group I (n=17) included patients with bicuspid valves, group II (n=30) included patients with stenotic degenerative valves, and patients with aortic regurgitation constituted group III (n=24). In preoperative and follow-up periods, the sinus of Valsalva diameter of the patients was evaluated by echocardiographic examination. The mean age was 54.1±15.1 years. Twenty-eight (34.6%) patients were female and 12 (14.8%) patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III. Results: There was no early mortality. Late mortality was developed in 10 (12.4%) patients, 8 (9.9%) due to non-cardiac reasons. Late follow-up was obtained in 71 patients with a mean of 60±30.1 months postoperatively. During follow-up, the increase in the diameter of the sinus of Valsalva was significant in Group I (P<0.01), while in Group II and III it was insignificant (P>0.05). Conclusion: To avoid the risks associated with sinus of Valsalva dilatation, it is reasonable to replace the sinus of Valsalva in the setting of aortic valve replacement and ascending aorta replacement for bicuspid aortic valve with a dilated ascending aorta and relatively normal sinuses of Valsalva in young patients.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve/surgery , Sinus of Valsalva/surgery , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Mitral Valve/surgery , Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/surgery , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Sinus of Valsalva/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Retrospective Studies , Age Factors , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation/mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnostic imaging , Heart Valve Diseases/mortality , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Mitral Valve/diagnostic imaging
6.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 28(1): 47-53, jan.-mar. 2018. graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-906727

ABSTRACT

Por cerca de 15 anos, o Implante Transcateter Valvar Aórtico (TAVI) passou por avanços tecnológicos, adquiriu experiência acumulada e tornou-se alternativa à cirurgia convencional. A principal indicação é a estenose aórtica degenerativa do idoso. Evidências atuais foram ampliadas para aqueles de risco intermediário e se tornaram mais robustas nos pacientes de alto risco e inoperáveis. Em situações específicas, como valva aórtica bicúspide, regurgitação aórtica pura, pacientes de baixo risco e bioprótese cirúrgica degenerada, os resultados ainda não são totalmente previsíveis, mas muito promissores. Os tipos de dispositivos atualmente liberados para uso clinico são divididos em: da geração inicial e os da nova geração, assim como em auto expansível, balão expansível e expansível mecanicamente. O sítio de acesso preferencial na atualidade é a via transfemoral. Outras alternativas de acessos também têm se mostrado viáveis e confiáveis. As principais complicações são vasculares, eventos neurológicos, distúrbios de condução e regurgitação paravalvar. Apesar da baixa incidência, a ruptura aórtica e a oclusão coronária são uma fonte de maior interesse, devido ao seu potencial impacto na morbimortalidade. A realização mais recente do procedimento em pacientes mais jovens faz necessária mais atenção à questões referentes à durabilidade e ao risco de trombose. Embora o TAVI ainda possa ser um procedimento complexo, após atingida experiência, existe a tendência de migração para uma abordagem mais simplificada com segurança. A seleção do paciente deve, idealmente, ser feita por uma equipe multidisciplinar e uma completa avaliação por imagem, em que a angitomografia é imprescindível, mandatória


For around fifteen years, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implant (TAVI) has undergone technological advances, acquired accumulated experience, and become an alternative to conventional surgery. The main indication is degenerative aortic stenosis in the elderly patient. Current evidence has been extended to those with intermediate risk, and has become more robust in high-risk and inoperable patients. In specific situations, such as bicuspid aortic valve, pure aortic regurgitation, low-risk patients, and degenerated surgical bioprosthesis, the results are not totally predictable, but are very promising. The types of device currently released for clinical use are divided into first generation and new generation devices, and into auto-expandable, balloon-expandable, and mechanically-expandable. The preferential access site is currently the transfermoral route. Other access alternatives have also proven viable and reliable. The main complications are vascular, neurological events, conduction disturbances, and paravalvular regurgitation. Despite their low incidence, aortic rupture and coronary occlusion have attracted greater interest due to their potential impact on morbimortality. The more recent use of the procedure in younger patients raises issues related to durability and the risk of thrombosis. Although TAVI is still a complex procedure, after gaining experience, there is a tendency to move towards a more simplified, safer approach. The patient selection should ideally be carried out by a multidisciplinary team, and a complete imaging assessment that includes angiotomography is absolutely essential


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Prosthesis Implantation , Heart Valve Diseases , Mitral Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve Insufficiency , Aortic Valve Stenosis , Pacemaker, Artificial , Bioprosthesis , Echocardiography/methods , Tomography/methods , Risk Factors , Atrioventricular Block
8.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(5): f:391-l:400, set.-out. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-849534

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: As cardites reumáticas leve e subclínica se diferenciam basicamente pela ausculta de sopro regurgitativo mitral. A evolução destas formas não está bem estabelecida na literatura. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução das cardites reumáticas leve e subclínica, considerando as valvites mitral e/ou aórtica (fase aguda) e a regressão, manutenção ou piora delas ao final do seguimento (fase crônica). Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, incluindo pacientes com cardites reumáticas leve e subclínica. A evolução ecocardiográfica das valvites mitral e/ou aórtica foi comparada nos dois grupos, considerando a análise ao final do seguimento. Foram utilizados o teste qui quadrado e as curvas de sobrevida de Kaplan-Meier, com nível de significância p < 0,05. Resultados: Foram incluídos 125 pacientes, sendo 69 (55,2%) com cardite reumática subclínica e 56 (44,8%) com cardite reumática leve, com média de idade na fase aguda de 10,4 ± 2,6 anos e, ao final do estudo, de 19,9 ± 4,6 anos. O tempo de seguimento variou de 2 a 23 anos (média: 9,38 ± 4,3 anos). Na fase aguda, a regurgitação mitral leve/ moderada ou moderada foi mais frequente nos pacientes com cardite reumática leve (p = 0,001). A regurgitação aórtica leve ou leve/moderada também foi mais comum no grupo de cardite reumática leve (p = 0,045). Na fase crônica, observou-se que tanto a regurgitação mitral (p < 0,0001) quanto a regurgitação aórtica (p = 0,009) foram mais frequentes nos pacientes com cardite reumática leve, e a sobrevida livre de valvopatia residual foi maior no grupo de cardite reumática subclínica (p = 0,010). A regurgitação mitral residual foi maior no grupo de cardite reumática leve p < 0,0001), e a regurgitação aórtica residual foi semelhante nos dois grupos (p = 0,099). Conclusão: A resolução da regurgitação mitral foi maior nos pacientes com cardite reumática subclínica, e a involução da regurgitação aórtica foi menos frequente e semelhante nos dois grupos


Background: Mild rheumatic carditis (MRC) and subclinical rheumatic carditis (SRC) are basically differentiated through auscultation of mitral regurgitation murmur. The evolution of these forms is not well established in the literature. Objective: To evaluate the evolution of mild and subclinical rheumatic carditis, considering mitral and aortic regurgitation (acute phase) and regression, maintenance or worsening of these diseases at the end of follow-up (chronic phase). Methods: Retrospective, longitudinal study, including patients with mild and subclinical rheumatic carditis. The echocardiographic evolution of mitral and aortic regurgitation was compared in both groups, considering the analysis at the end of follow-up. The Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used, with significance level established at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 125 patients were included, 69 (55.2%) with subclinical rheumatic carditis and 56 (44.8%) with mild rheumatic carditis, with a mean age in the acute phase of 10.4 ± 2.6 years and, at the end of study, 19.9 ± 4.6 years. The time of follow-up ranged from 2 to 23 years (mean: 9.38 ± 4.3 years). In the acute phase, mild/moderate or moderate mitral regurgitation was more frequent in patients with mild rheumatic carditis (p = 0.001). Mild or mild/moderate aortic regurgitation was also more common in the mild rheumatic carditis group (p = 0.045). In the chronic phase, we observed that both mitral (p < 0.0001) and aortic regurgitation (p = 0.009) were more frequent in patients with mild rheumatic carditis, and survival free of rheumatic heart disease was higher in the subclinical rheumatic carditis group (p = 0.010). Residual mitral regurgitation was higher in the mild rheumatic carditis group p < 0.0001), and residual aortic regurgitation was similar in both groups (p = 0.099). Conclusion: Mitral regurgitation resolution was higher in patients with subclinical rheumatic carditis, and the involution of aortic regurgitation was less frequent and similar in both groups


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Adolescent , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Child , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Mitral Valve/abnormalities , Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications , Rheumatic Heart Disease/epidemiology , Acute Disease , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Chronic Disease , Heart/physiopathology , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Mitral Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis , Observational Study , Prevalence , Data Interpretation, Statistical
9.
Rev. chil. cardiol ; 36(2): 122-126, 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899576

ABSTRACT

The quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare congenital anomaly, usually presenting as an isolated malformation causing aortic regurgitation in the faith or sixth decades of life. The first reported cases were found at autopsy or became evident by surgical findings. However, the emergence of new imaging modalities currently allows an earlier diagnosis, including in asymptomatic patients. Hereby the case of a 60-year-old woman with quadricuspid aortic valve diagnosed by echocardiography is presented. A brief discussion of the disease is included.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/congenital , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/diagnostic imaging , Aortic Valve/physiopathology , Aortic Valve/diagnostic imaging , Echocardiography , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
10.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 31(6): 454-460, Nov.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-843454

ABSTRACT

Abstract Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital heart disease. The functional status of QAV is predominantly a pure aortic regurgitation. Clinical manifestations of patients with a QAV depend on the functional status of the QAV and the associated disorders. Significant valvular regurgitation and (or) stenosis is often present with subsequent operation performed at the fifth to sixth decade of life. The functional status of QAV is predominantly regurgitant; whereas pure stenotic QAV can be as few as in only 0.7% of the patients. QAV is usually an isolated anomaly, but other congenital heart defects can be present in 18-32% of the patients. About one-fifth of them require a surgical operation. Tricuspidalization is a preferred technique for QAV repair. As not all the patients with a QAV necessarily warrant a surgical operation, decision-making in patient selection and surgical procedure of choice are crucial. Antibiotic prophylaxis against infective endocarditis is necessary in the QAV patients with unequal-sized cusps.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Heart Defects, Congenital/classification , Heart Defects, Congenital/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/classification , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , Aortic Valve/surgery , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery
11.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 33(2): 229-231, abr. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-784873

ABSTRACT

We present a case report of a infective endocarditis by Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum in a young patient eight years old with bicuspid aortic valve that led to a severe neurological embolism and death. Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is part of the nasopharyngeal and skin flora. However, there are cases reported of endocarditis usually associated with immunocompromised patients that mostly presented a poor clinical outcome.


Se presenta el caso clínico de una endocarditis infecciosa por Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum en un niño de 8 años, portador de una valvulopatía aórtica bicúspide, que falleció por una embolia cerebral grave. Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum forma parte de la microbiota de la piel y nasofaringe. Sin embargo, se han descrito casos de endocarditis en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, asociados, en su mayoría, a una mala evolución clínica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Child , Corynebacterium/isolation & purification , Corynebacterium Infections/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve/microbiology , Ultrasonography , Fatal Outcome , Corynebacterium Infections/diagnostic imaging , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnostic imaging , Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Heart Valve Diseases/microbiology
12.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 78(6): 376-378, Nov.-Dec. 2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-768177

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT A 27-year-old woman presented with a history of long-standing poor vision in both eyes. Ophthalmologic examination after pupillary dilatation revealed bilateral lens coloboma situated in the inferotemporal quadrant. No associated ocular abnormalities were seen, except amblyopia. A bicuspid aortic valve was observed during echocardiography during systemic evaluation. Lens coloboma usually occurs unilaterally; however, bilateral lens coloboma which is isolated or associated with other ocular malformations is also encountered. This is the first description of bilateral isolated lenticular coloboma associated with bicuspid aortic valve. Although the association between bicuspid aortic valve and lens coloboma may be an incidental finding, they may be components of an unknown syndrome.


RESUMO Uma mulher de 27 anos apresentou-se com uma história de longa data de deficiência visual em ambos os olhos. O exame oftalmológico após dilatação pupilar revelou coloboma de cristalino bilateral localizado no quadrante temporal inferior. Nenhuma outra alteração ocular associadas foi observada, exceto ambliopia. A valva aórtica bicúspide foi diagnosticada no exame de ecocardiograma durante a avaliação sistêmica. Coloboma cristaliniano ocorre geralmente de forma unilateral, no entanto já foi descrito bilateralmente, associado a outras malformações oculares ou isolado. Esta é a primeira descrição de coloboma cristaliniano isolado bilateral associado à valva aórtica bicúspide. Embora a associação de valva aórtica bicúspide e coloboma cristaliniano no nosso caso pode ter sido um achado incidental, eles podem ser componentes de uma síndrome desconhecida.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Coloboma/complications , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Aortic Valve/physiopathology , Aortic Valve , Coloboma/physiopathology , Heart Valve Diseases/physiopathology , Heart Valve Diseases , Lens, Crystalline , Syndrome , Visual Acuity
13.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 28(4): 216-225, out.-dez. 2015. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-774754

ABSTRACT

Alguns pacientes com estenose valvar aórtica (EAo) apresentam baixos gradientes (gradiente transvalvar médio < 40mmHg), apesar de área valvar compatível com EAo importante (AVA < 1,0 cm2) e da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo preservada (FE > 50%). Dentre estes pacientes, é possível a identificação de dois grupos: um comfluxo normal (volume sistólico indexado, VSI > 35 mL/m2), que apresenta boa evolução e prognóstico, comparáveis aos pacientes com EAo moderada (AVA 1,0 a 1,5 cm2), e outro, com baixo fluxo (VSI ≤ 35mL/m2). Acredita-se que os pacientes do primeiro grupo ocorram como resultado de baixa estatura, com tamanho corporal pequeno, ou de medidas ecocardiográficas inadequadas, ou ainda de incongruências de classificação presentes em algumas diretrizes de manejo de valvopatias. Nos pacientes que apresentam baixo fluxo, ocorre um padrão de remodelamento ventricular que cursa com aumento da pós-carga e hipertrofia miocárdica concêntrica significativa, além de disfunção miocárdica sistólica intrínseca (ainda que, com FE preservada), com consequente diminuição da cavidade ventricular esquerda e do volume sistólico. Tais alterações estão associadas à pior prognóstico, e estes pacientes devem ser cuidadosamente avaliados para que não tenham seus sintomas subestimados e seu adequado tratamento postergado ou negligenciado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/diagnosis , Aortic Valve Stenosis/etiology , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Stroke Volume/physiology , Calcium/analysis , Echocardiography/methods , Heart Valve Diseases , Prognosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
15.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 18(5): 561-564, Sep-Oct/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723074

ABSTRACT

Rothia aeria is an uncommon pathogen mainly associated with endocarditis in case reports. In previous reports, endocarditis by R. aeria was complicated by central nervous system embolization. In the case we report herein, endocarditis by R. aeria was diagnosed after acute self-limited diarrhea. In addition to the common translocation of R. aeria from the oral cavity, we hypothesize the possibility of intestinal translocation. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and genetic sequencing are important tools that can contribute to early and more accurate etiologic diagnosis of severe infections caused by Gram-positive rods.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/diagnosis , Heart Valve Diseases/microbiology , Aortic Valve/microbiology , Bacterial Translocation , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis
17.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 24(2): 56-63, abr.-jun. 2014. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-740490

ABSTRACT

A estenose aórtica degenerativa é a doença valvar adquirida mais comum em adultos, acometendo principalmente os idosos. A cirurgia de substituição da valva aórtica é o tratamento de escolha nos pacientes com estenose aórtica importante sintomática. Seus resultados são reproduzíveis e bem estabelecidos. Porém, cerca de um terço dos pacientes são considerados inoperáveis devido ao risco cirúrgico inaceitável. Em consequência, nos últimos anos, novas alternativas de tratamento intervencionista foram introduzidas na prática clínica, com resultados iniciais favoráveis. Atualmente, as opções englobam a cirurgia de troca da valva aórtica, o implante da valva aórtica transcateter e, mais recentemente, a cirurgia de troca valvar aórtica sem sutura. Técnicas cirúrgicas minimamente invasivas não demonstraram diferença na mortalidade, porém chamam a atenção pelo resultado similar à esternotomia clássica, melhor resultado estético e menor tempo de hospitalização. Além disso, para evitar a utilização de próteses, técnicas de reconstrução valvar têm sido descritas. No implante de valva transcateter, o treinamento de equipe multidisciplinar é mandatório para a criteriosa seleção dos pacientes e da via de acesso. Os acessos transapical e transaórtico evoluíram como opções eficazes e vantajosas nos pacientes não candidatos para a via femoral. A familiaridade dos cirurgiões com essas abordagens tem contribuído para os bons resultados descritos. Um centro que seja capaz de oferecer todas essas alternativas de tratamento poderá selecionar a técnica mais apropriada, considerando a preferência do paciente e avaliando características fundamentais como idade, comorbidades, fragilidade e anatomia. Experiente "Heart Team" será capaz de fazer a escolha mais adequada.


Degenerative aortic stenosis is the most common acquired valvular disease in adults, affecting mainly the elderly. Surgical aortic valve replacement is the treatment of choice in patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Its results are reproducible and well established. However, about one third of patients are considered inoperable because of unacceptable surgical risk. Therefore, in the past few years, new alternative interventional treatments were introduced in clinical practice, with favorable initial results. Currently, the options include surgical aortic valve replacement, transcatheter aortic valve implantation and more recently, sutureless aortic valve replacement. Minimally invasive surgical techniques showed no difference in mortality, but caIl attention for similar result to the classic sternotomy, better cosmetic effect and shorter length of hospital stay. Furthermore, to avoid the use of prostheses, valve reconstruction techniques have been described. In transcatheter valve implantation, training multidisciplinary team is mandatory for careful selection of patients and access routes. The transapical and transaortic approaches evolved as effective and advantageous options in patients not candidates for transfemoral access. The familiarity of surgeons with these routes has contributed to the good results described. A center that is able to offer ali of these therapeutic alternatives can select the most appropriate technique, considering the patient' s preferences and evaluating crucial characteristics such as age, comorbidities, frailty and anatomy. An experienced "Heart Team" will be able to make the most adequate choice.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Aortic Valve/surgery , Prostheses and Implants , Observational Study , Risk Factors , Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation , Indicators of Morbidity and Mortality , Exercise Test/methods , Balloon Valvuloplasty/methods , Stroke Volume/physiology
19.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 26(4): 341-345, out.-dez. 2013. ilus
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-705132

ABSTRACT

Este é m artigo de relato de caso de valva aórtica quatricúspide (ou quadrivalvular), tipo AHurwitz e Roberts, com leve insuficiência e dilatação da aorta ascendente, em adulta assintomática diagnósticada em exame ecocadiográfico de rotina, confirmado à ecocardiografia transesofágica. Ao relato de caso e imagens correspondentes segue uma breve revisão da literatura. A valva aórtica quadrcúspide (VAQ) é rara, tem diagnóstico ecocardiográfico, em uma maioria assintomática. A importância do diagnóstico desta patologia justifica-se pelo risco de valvopatia aórtica de caráter progressivo, pelo potencial aumento de endocardite e pela possibilidade de origem anômala do óstio da coronária ou outras malformações associadas.


This article is a case report of a quadricuspid (or quadrivalve) aortic valve, type A of Hurwitz and Roberts, with mild insufficiency and dilatation of the ascending aorta, in an asymptomatic adult diagnosed during a routine echocardiography exam, confirmed by a transesophageal echocardiography. The article, with images, is followed by a brief literature revision. A quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is rare, and the diagnosis occur by an echocardiography exam, usually in an asymptomatic group. The importance of diagnosing this pathology is justified by the risk of progressive aortic valve disease, by the potential increase of endocarditis and possible association with anomalous origin of the coronary ostium or other associated malformations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Heart Defects, Congenital/complications , Echocardiography, Transesophageal/methods , Echocardiography, Transesophageal , Aortic Valve/abnormalities
20.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 26(4): 308-314, out.-dez. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-705126

ABSTRACT

Paciente jovem, internado por endocardite em valva aórtica bivalvular, com extensão perianular da infecção (abscesso mitral com perfuração de cúspide), apresentando insuficiência aórtica e mitral importantes. Evoluiu com choque misto, baixo débito cardíaco efetivo, acidose metabólica, insuficiência respiratória e insuficiência renal aguda dialítica secundária a glomerulonefrite por deposição de imunocomplexos. Instituído tratamento para insuficiência cardíaca, antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro, suporte ventilatório não invasivo e hemodiálise, apresentando melhora do quadro clínico. Submetido à troca valvar aórtica por prótese biológica e plastia mitral, com bom resultado cirúrgico. Não havia relato de procedimento dentário prévio, outras portas de entrada para microrganismos nem uso de drogas ilícitas por via intravenosa. Bacteremias espontâneas podem ser implicadas, certamente, nesses casos. Parece não haver redução da incidência de infecções valvares com uso de profilaxia antibiótica em portadores de valvas nativas alteradas, segundo as atuais recomendações.


Young patient, hospitalized for infective endocarditis in bicuspid aortic valve with extension periannular infection (abscess with perforation of mitral leaflet) presenting significant aortic and mitral insufficiency. Evolved with mixed shock, low cardiac output effective, metabolic acidosis, respiratory failure and acute renal failure requiring dialysis secondary to glomerulonephritis by immune complex deposition. Established treatment for heart failure, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, noninvasive ventilatory support and hemodialysis, with clinical improvement. Underwent to aortic valve replacement and mitral valve bioprosthesis with good outcome. There was no report of previous dental procedure, other ports of entry for microorganisms and drug addiction. Spontaneous bacteremia can be certainly involved in these cases. There seems no reduction in the incidence of valvular infections with use of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with native valves changed, according to current recommendations.


Paciente joven, internado por endocarditis en válvula aórtica bivalva, con extensión perianular de la infección (absceso mitral con perforación de cúspide), presentando insuficiencias aórtica y mitral importantes. Evolucionó con choque mixto, bajo débito cardíaco efectivo, acidosis metabólica, insuficiencia respiratoria e insuficiencia renal aguda dialítica secundaria a glomerulonefritis por deposición de inmunocomplejos. Establecido tratamiento para insuficiencia cardíaca, antibioticoterapia de amplio espectro, soporte ventilatorio no invasivo y hemodiálisis, presentando una mejora del cuadro clínico. Sometido a un trasplante de la válvula aórtica por una prótesis biológica y una plastia mitral, con buen resultado quirúrgico. No había antecedentes de procedimientos previos, otras puertas de entrada para microorganismos ni uso de drogas ilícitas por vía intravenosa. Las bacteriemias espontáneas pueden ser implicadas, ciertamente, en esos casos. Parece no haber reducción de la incidencia de infecciones valvulares con uso de profilaxis antibiótica en portadores de válvulas nativas alteradas, conforme a las actuales recomendaciones


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Heart Valve Diseases/diagnosis , Endocarditis/therapy , Aortic Valve/abnormalities , Echocardiography/methods , Risk Factors
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